What is IRMAA?
IRMAA (Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount) is a surcharge added to your Medicare Part B and Part D premiums when your income exceeds certain thresholds. It's based on your tax return from two years prior.
Higher-income retirees pay IRMAA surcharges on top of standard Medicare premiums — and it's a hard cliff, not a phase-in. This estimator uses the 2025 brackets to total your Part B, Part D, and Medigap costs and warns you how close you are to the next jump.
IRMAA (Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount) is a surcharge added to your Medicare Part B and Part D premiums when your income exceeds certain thresholds. It's based on your tax return from two years prior.
Because it's a cliff — earning $1 over a threshold can cost you hundreds more per year per spouse. Roth conversions, capital gains, and RMDs can all push you over, so it's worth planning income around the brackets.
Your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) from two years ago. The 2025 surcharges are based on your 2023 tax return.